DC Motor & Its Types:

DC Motor:

The DC Motor or the direct current motor has a lot of applications in today's field of engineering and technology.

There are two electrical elements of a DC motor, the field windings, and the armature. The armature windings are made up of current-carrying conductors that terminate at a commutator.

DC voltage is applied to the armature windings through carbon brushes that ride on the commutator. Different functional types of DC motors are available in the market for specific requirements.

There are four basic types of DC Motor.

1) Permanent Magnet Motors

2) Series Motors

3) Shunt Motors

4) Compound Motors

Permanent Magnet Motors:

The permanent magnet motor uses a magnet to supply field flux. Permanent magnet DC motors have excellent starting torque capability with good speed regulation. A disadvantage of permanent magnet DC motors is they are limited to the amount of load they can drive. These motors can be found in low horsepower applications.

Series Motors:

In a series DC motor the field is connected in series with the armature. The field is wound with a few turns of large wire because it must carry the full armature current. A characteristic of series motors is the motor develops a large amount of starting torque. However, speed varies widely between no load and full load. Series motors cannot be used where a constant speed is required under varying loads.

 

Shunt Motors:

In a shunt motor, the field is connected in parallel (shunt) with the armature windings. The shunt-connected motor offers good speed regulation. The field winding can be separately excited or connected to the same source as the armature.

Compound Motors:

Compound motors have a field connected in series with the armature and a separately excited shunt field. The series field provides better starting torque and the shunt field provides better speed regulation.

Compound motors are further divided into two types.

1) Short shunt compound motor: 

This motor field winding is connected in parallel with only the armature winding.

2) Long shunt compound motor:

 This motor field winding is connected in parallel with the

combination of series field winding and armature winding.

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